John I (1310–1346) was the son of Count Henry VII of Luxembourg and, later on, Roman Emperor (1308–1313). In 1310 the hand of Elisabeth Přemyslid was offered to him and, consequently, the Czech royal crown. By this marriage a new dynasty acceeded the Czech throne, under which the Czech state expanded and flourished and recorded the biggest development sofar. John gave up the imperial crown but he continually expanded the basic territory of his house and laid foundations to the formation called the Bohemian crownland. As a result John I ruled not only his patrimonial Luxembourg, Bohemia and Moravia, but gradually also Egerland, Upper Lusatia, part of Silesian dukedoms and possessions in northern Italy. His younger son was supposed to gain by marriage Tyrol and Carinthia. In the area of coinage, John I continued the work of his father-in-law Wenceslas II – he minted Prague groschen and parvae (small silver coins – 1/12 of groschen). For a limited period of time he also struck half-groschen as the only ruler of the period. Outside Czech countries John I coined esterlin and half-esterlin in Luxembourg, and local “grosso“ in Italy. In 1325 he started in Prague mintage of first gold coins – florins, which were named after their mintage pattern – fiorino, a gold coin struck in the town of Florence.